MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Chemically inserting genes from one organism into another is an example of

a. crossbreeding

b. genetic engineering

c. hybridization

d. inbreeding

Correct Answer: b

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Which of these is used as a source of fetal cells for analysis and subsequent genetic counseling?

a. amniotic fluid

b. aqueous fluid

c. blood plasma

d. urine

Correct Answer: a

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Which answer below is most correct?

A mutation is caused by a change in

a. birthrate

b. color

c. genes

d. environment

Correct Answer: c

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in blood cells. The cause of the abnormal hemoglobin protein is the replacement of the amino acid valine with the amino acid lysine. What is this kind of alteration called?

a. malnutrition

b. transgenic

c. radiation

d. nondisjunction

e. mutation

Correct Answer: e

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

You are a genetic counselor and a very distraught couple comes into your office with a child who has cystic fibrosis. The husband accuses the wife "You caused this! It's well known that mothers who drink have sick babies!"

What would be the most accurate information you could give this couple?

a. We don't know how this disease is caused, but research is making progress every day.

b. It is our theory that this disease is based on many factors that are too complicated to understand.

c. Cystic fibrosis is caused by both parents who contribute a faulty gene.

d. The facts of science are too complicated and you don't have the training to comprehend it clearly.

e. The two of you must be closely related.

Correct Answer: c

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

What is the process called when an egg is removed, fertilized outside of the body, and then implanted in the womb?

a. artificial insemination

b. cloning

c. in vitro fertilization

d. surrogate motherhood

Correct Answer: c

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Genetic engineering can be used to produce:

a. human growth hormone

b. insulin

c. interferon

d. all of these

Correct Answer: d

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

What equipment can be used to determined the genetic fingerprint of a suspect?

a. Microscope

b. Photospectrometer

c. Centrifuge

d. Gel Electrophoresis

Correct Answer: d

MC	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

April 16. Cpl. John C. Mayfield and Cpl. Joseph Vlasovsky were found guilty of disobeying a lawful order. The U.S. Department of Defense requires DNA samples for a database that could be used to identify soldiersÕ remains. The two Marines refused.

At their court martial, the two Marines argued that DNA samples could be examined for genes related to disease or even behavior and, therefore, the database was an invasion of privacy. As a result of the concerns raised by this case, the U.S. Department of Defense has changed its policies. It now destroys DNA samples upon request when an individual leaves military service. Do people have a right to control their own DNA samples?

THE VIEWPOINTS

DNA Information is not Private

As the court recognized, the U.S. Department of Defense had good reasons for requiring that DNA samples be taken and stored. Furthermore, DNA sequences are no more private and personal than fingerprints or photographs, which are taken by private and government agencies all the time. An employer has a right to take and keep such information. Individuals should have no reason to fear the abuse of such databases.

DNA Information Is Private and Personal

The use of DNA for personal identification by the military may be justified. An individualÕs genetic information, however, is a private matter. A recent study at Harvard and Stanford universities turned up more than 200 cases of discrimination because of genes individuals carried or were suspected of carrying. Employers with DNA information might use it to discriminate against workers who carry genes they suspect might cause medical or behavioral problems. Individuals must have the right to control their own DNA and to withhold samples form such databases.

Questions

1. Using this reading, which of the following is a fact?

a. Insurance companies use DNA information to deny coverage.

b. Employers might discriminate against employees because of their DNA.

c. The military keeps DNA samples to identify remains.

d. DNA is usually not private.

2. Which of the following statements is an inference?

a. A study at Harvard and Stanford turned up more than 200 cases of discrimination because of genes carried by individuals.

b. The U.S. Department of Defense destroys DNA samples upon request when an individual leaves military service.

c. The two Cpl.s were found guilty of disobeying orders.

d. DNA information is private and personal.

3. Which of the following statements can be tested?

a. The DNA database is an invasion of privacy.

b. DNA samples are not private and personal.

c. DNA information could accurately identify future medical or behavioral problems

d. An employer has a right to take and use DNA information.

Correct Answers:

1. c

2. d

3. c

I	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Study the table and answer the questions based on the information.

QUANTITY OF NUCLEOTIDES IN DNA
SOURCE	ADENINE	THYMINE	GUANINE	CYTOSINE
CALF	1.13	1.11	0.86	0.85
RAT	1.15	1.14	0.86	0.82
MOTH	0.84	0.80	1.22	1.33
VIRUS	1.17	1.12	0.90	0.81
RAT SPERM	1.15	1.09	0.89	0.83

1. Which of the following conclusions can be determined from the table?

a. A nucleotide is composed of deoxyribose, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

b. The diameter is determined by the purine-pyrimidine base-pairing rule.

c. Thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines.

d. The ratio of adenine and thymine is similar in the ratÕs body cells and sperm cells.

2. Which of the following conclusions can be reasonably inferred from the table?

a. The nitrogen bases guanine and cytosine bond with each other.

b. The ratio of adenine is constant for all different species.

c. The amount of adenine is always greater than the amount of guanine.

d. The moth is an evolutionary descendant of the rat.

Correct Answers:

1. d

2. a

I	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

1. Compare the two karyotypes. Where are they different?

a. 23^rd pair

b. 21^st pair

c. 5^th pair

d. 11^th pair

2. These karyotypes are of:

a. 2 females

b. 2 males

c. 1 female, 1 male

d. You can't tell from the information

3. Which chromosome is abnormal or carries a genetic mutation?

a. 23^rd pair

b. 21^st pair

c. 18^th pair

d. 13^th pair

4. What is this genetic condition known as?

a. Trisomy 18

b. Down Syndrome

c. Klinefelter Syndrome

d. Trisomy 21

e. Answers b & d

5. The general characteristics of this genetic condition are

a. broad chest, webbed neck skin, short stature

b. underdeveloped sex organs, heart impairment

c. mental retardation, rounded faces, almond-shaped eyes

d. aggressive behavior, tall, thin

Correct Answers:

1. a

2. c

3. b

4. e

5. c

I	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Read the following excerpt about Embryo Transfer. Answer the questions that follow.

Embryo Transfer allows a producer to get several progeny from one female at the same time. Hormones are given to the animal to induce the ovulation of several eggs. Artificial Insemination of the animal follows. The fertilized eggs are then flushed from the donor, evaluated for quality, and implanted into recipient females. This practice was first done commercially in the cattle industry in the early 1970's. Today many cattle are bred using the practice of Embryo Transfer.

Questions:

1.Which of the following is NOT a genetic advantage of embryo transfer

a. Genetic diversity is increased

b. Faster genetic herd improvement

c. Superior cows able to produce more offspring than with classical breeding.

d. Use sires of superior genetic quality without cost of maintaining a bull.

2.A generalization that can be made about the article is that:

a. Embryo Transfer is practiced as a necessary part of Artificial Insemination

b. Producers of cattle use Embryo Transfer as the sole means of genetic improvement.

c. Embryo Transfer is and plays an important role in genetic improvement.

d. Embryo transfer is of vital importance to the entire livestock industry.

3.What is the most important variable in Embryo Transfer success?

a. Selection of recipient cows.

b. Selection of donor cow and sire

c. Follow the proper procedure in Embryo Transfer

d. Proper handling of fertilized egg.

Correct Answers:

1. a

2. c

3. b

E	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Explain the process of DNA replication. Include a diagram in your answer. Begin with the DNA helix unzipping and end with the completion of the replication process. Your explanation should include the major enzymes involved, the function of each enzyme, the other components utilized, their role and the steps of the process.

Scoring Guide:

5 - Enzymes, primers, nucleotides, correct sequence, leading and lagging strands are all described.

4 - Four of above.

3 - Three of above.

2 - Two of above.

1 - One concept.

E	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO:

Explain the process of protein synthesis. Begin with the attachment of the mRNA to the small ribosome sub unit and end with a completed protein. Include the components of the process, the enzymes involved and the steps of the process.

Scoring Guide:

5 - Sequence, f-Met, ribosome units, tRNA, codon-anticodon are all explained.

4 - Four of above.

3 - Three of above.

2 - Two of above.

1 - One concept.

E	Biology	Standard: 04
Objective: 03. Explain how the structure and replication of DNA are essential to heredity and protein synthesis.
ILO: