MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

The six elements that make up 99.9% of all living things include

a. C, K, O, N, Ca and S

b. C, P, S, H, O and N

c. C, P, K, I, O and N

d. N, O, P, H, S and T

Correct Answer: b

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Which chemical elements would you expect to find in abundance in a living cell?

a. hydrogen, neon, argon

b. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

c. iron, magnesium, calcium

d. sodium, potassium, sulfur

Correct Answer: b

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Fats are important energy storage compounds because they:

a. readily breakdown to form glucose.

b. provide immediate energy.

c. contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins.

d. are liquid at normal body temperatures.

e. don't require nitrogen.

Correct Answer: c

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

What are the building blocks of protein molecules?

a. polymers

b. fatty acids

c. glucose molecules

d. amino acids

Correct Answer: d

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Which of the following describes the function of proteins?

a. energy formation and storage

b. energy used in muscles and reaction

c. structural use and enzyme formation

d. heredity and genetic code carriers

Correct Answer: c

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

What is the most common food storage compound in plants?

a. glucose.

b. starch.

c. sucrose.

d. cellulose.

e. fat.

Correct Answer: b

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Identify three organic compounds by how they react to the following tests. Place the correct letter on the line by the compound.

a. turns orange when boiled in Benedict's solution

b. turns black when iodine is added

c. turns purple when Bieuret's reagent is added

d. turns yellow in the presence of bromthymol blue

e. leaves a grease mark when rubbed on brown paper

1. Starch _____

2. Triglyceride lipid _____

3. Glucose _____

Correct Answers:

1. b

2. e

3. a

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

The solubility of water is due to

a. the presence of oxygen

b. the uneven distribution of its electrons

c. its ability to bond with lipids

d. its basic pH

Correct Answer: b

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

The properties of water make it very valuable to living systems. Which of the following statements regarding water is not true?

a. it covers more than 75% of the earth's surface

b. it expands slightly when it freezes

c. it is the greatest solvent in the world

d. it modifies temperature extremes

e. it makes up about 50% of your body

Correct Answer: e

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Which characteristic of water allows it to support the weight of objects more dense than water?

a. capillary action

b. surface tension

c. specific heat

d. evaporation

e. adhesion

Correct Answer: b

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Match the appropriate term with its description by writing the correct letter on the line to the left of the description. A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

a. solute

b. solvent

c. evaporation

d. hydrophilic starch, gelatin, wood, etc. causing them to swell

e. hydrophobic

f. imbibition

g. ionization

h. neutral 

_____ 1. having an affinity (attracted to) for water

_____ 2. cooling influence that occurs with a change from liquid to gas

_____ 3. characteristic of oil that keeps it from mixing with water

_____ 4. movement of water into substances such as starch, gelatin, wood, etc. causing them to

swell

_____ 5. a substance in which another is dissolved 

Correct Answers:

1. d

2. c

3. e

4. f

5. b

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Match the appropriate term with its description by writing the correct letter on the line to the left of the description. A letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

a. adhesion

b. capillary action

c. cohesion

d. condensation

e. evaporation

f. freezing

g. hydrogen bond

h. polar

i. specific heat

j. surface tension

_____ 1. attraction of like molecules.

_____ 2. having an unequal distribution of electrons

_____ 3. movement of water through tiny spaces

_____ 4. attraction between two polar molecules

_____ 5. change from a gas to a liquid

_____ 6. the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 cm³ of water one degree

Celsius

Correct Answers:

1. c

2. h

3. b

4. g

5. d

6. i

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Which of the following statements are true of enzymes?

a. they are lipids

b. they will react with most body chemicals

c. they can only be used once

d. they usually slow down reactions and prevent overheating of the cells

e. they usually speed up chemical reactions

Correct Answer: e

MC	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

pH Scale

1 - 6 = Acid

7 = Neutral

8 - 14= Alkaline

The enzyme graphed above will work best in

a. an alkaline medium

b. an acid medium

c. a neutral medium

d. a carbohydrate medium

Correct Answer: b

I	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

This chart shows the percentage amount of macromolecules found in a body tissue.

Which tissue type would this cell be from?

a. fat

b. muscle

c. bone

d. blood

Correct Answer: b

E	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Describe the function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in cells.

Sample Answer:

Carbohydrates supply cells with energy, lipids make up cell membranes and also store energy, proteins provide cell structure and make-up enzymes, and nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA which carries genetic information.

E	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Food storage in plants is usually in the form of starch. Food storage in animals is usually in the form of lipids. Why is it an advantage for animals to store their food in the form of lipids rather than starch?

Sample Answer:

Lipids contain about 2.5 times more energy per gram than starch (lipids have a higher ratio of C-H bonds which have the highest energy of all covalent bonds). Animals, unlike plants, cannot make their own food and have to actively search for it. Because of their active lives, they have high energy requirements and they must store energy in a concentrated form that will add minimal weight or volume to their bodies so they can still be mobile.

Scoring Guide:

Comparison of energy per gram in lipids versus starch  40%

AnimalsÕ need for high energy without sacrificing mobility 40%

Correct spelling, punctuation and language use 20%

E	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Compare (state similarities and differences) multiple aspects of two macromolecules. Include (but do not limit yourself to) energy content, function in living organisms, basic structure, and relationships between the two.

Scoring Guide:

4 additional, appropriate, and correct information related to the two chosen

macromolecules present and correct

relationships between molecules appropriate and described

3 similarities and differences addressed (at least 2 of each)

description of relationship between the two chosen macromolecules attempted

2 attempt at comparison of the following:

energy content

function in living organisms

basic structure

addressed and statements made are correct

1 some aspects of major macromolecules addressed and correct

0 unacceptable

all information given incorrect and severely limited

E	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

Explain why a razor blade, with a density greater than water, will "float" on water. Include an explanation of cohesion and surface tension. Give an example of this principle demonstrated in nature.

Sample Answer:

Water molecules cling to each other as a result of hydrogen bonds. This attraction of water molecules to each other is called cohesion. Surface tension is a film-like surface on water caused by cohesion. If an object is small enough and does not break the surface it will float on that film-like surface. If it should break the surface it will quickly sink to the bottom. Surface tension enables certain insects to walk on the water's surface and not sink and some animals such as snails and flatworms can cling to the underside of the film.

The film provides a surface for feeding for many insects and, in addition, better access to oxygen for some aquatic organisms. Surface tension is the reason that water beads form into a spherical shape.

Scoring guide:

clear explanation of why a razor blade will float on water 40%

explanation of cohesion and surface tension 20%

example in nature 20%

correct spelling, punctuation and language usage 20%

E	Biology	Standard: 02
Objective: 01. Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells.
ILO:

After 30 minutes of active exercise the body temperature would exceed 120 degrees F if it were not for our "cooling system" of evaporation. Explain the principle of evaporation and why it is such an effective mechanism for cooling our body. Include an explanation of the heat of vaporization.

Sample Answer:

Water on the surface of the skin evaporates as the heat of the body causes the hydrogen bonds to break between water molecules and they escape the liquid state and enter the air as a gas. The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to convert 1 gram of liquid to 1 gram of gas. Water has a very high heat of vaporization because of the strength of the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules in the liquid state. The heat from the surface of the body that breaks the hydrogen bonds is changed to energy of motion as the water molecule escapes leaving an "absence of heat" or a loss of kine