MC

MC	*8^th Grade Integrated Science*	*Standard:* 01
*Objective:* 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in a physical or chemical change and relate the kind of energy added, to the motion of particles.
*ILO:*

Which physical change does a swamp cooler use to cool the air?

a. Gas to liquid

b. Liquid to gas

c. Liquid to solid

d. Solid to liquid

Correct Answer: b

8^th Grade Integrated Science

Standard: 01

Objective: 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of

energy in a physical or chemical change, and relate the kind of energy added to

the motions of the particles.

ILO:

Toniqua and Juan decide to do an experiment. One of them will put a drop of food coloring in hot water; the other will put a drop of food coloring in cold water. Based on your knowledge of energy and the motion of particles in a substance, predict the results of their experiment.

The coloring will move through both containers of water at the same speed because water always has the same energy.
The coloring will move through the cold water faster because cold water has more energy.
The coloring will move through the hot water faster because hot water has more energy.
The coloring will float on top of the water until your put energy into it by stirring it.

Correct Answer: c

MC	*8^th Grade Integrated Science*	*Standard:* 01
*Objective:* 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in a physical or chemical change and relate the kind of energy added, to the motion of particles.
*ILO:*

0 F

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

20 F

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

40 F

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

60 F

______________________________

Earth

As warm air rises, it cools, condenses and freezes in the upper atmosphere. What happens as it falls back to Earth?

a. It undergoes a chemical change from solid to gas

b. It undergoes a physical change from solid to gas

c. It undergoes a chemical change from a solid to liquid

d. It undergoes a physical change from solid to liquid

e. It undergoes no chemical or physical change

Correct Answer: d

MC	*8^th Grade Integrated Science*	*Standard:* 01
*Objective:* 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in a physical or chemical change and relate the kind of energy added, to the motion of particles.
*ILO:*

One hot August afternoon you spill your ice water on the sidewalk, and you watch the ice quickly start to melt. Sometime later, you walk by again but there is no sign of your spill. Which drawing below best shows what happened to the ice?

A. B.

C. D.

Correct Answer: d

I	*8^th Grade Integrated Science*	*Standard:* 01
*Objective:* 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in a physical or chemical change and relate the kind of energy added, to the motion of particles.
*ILO:*

Heat is energy that causes particles of matter to move faster and farther apart. As particles move faster, they leave one phase and enter another. Using the diagram above where the dots represent the position of the particles, answer the following questions:

1. At which point is the substance a solid?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. E

2. At which point is a phase change taking place?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. E

Correct Answers:

1. a

2. b

I	*8^th Grade Integrated Science*	*Standard:* 01
*Objective:* 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in a physical or chemical change and relate the kind of energy added, to the motion of particles.
*ILO:*

Water is placed over a burner and it boils. The graph above shows the temperature at each 2-minute interval. The experiment ended at 20 minutes. Using the graph above answer the following questions.

1. How hot was the water at 6 minutes?

a. 10¡C

b. 20¡C

c. 30¡C

d. 40¡C

2. At what temperature did the water boil?

a. 10¡C

b. 35¡C

c. 70¡C

d. 100¡C

3. If the water were left to boil for 10 minutes more, how hot would it get?

a. 32¡C

b. 100¡C

c. 160¡C

d. 212¡C

4. At which point on the graph do the molecules have the most energy?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

Correct Answers:

1. d

2. d

3. b

4. d

8^th Grade Integrated Science

Standard: 01

Objective: 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of

energy in a physical or chemical change, and relate the kind of energy added to

the motion of the particles.

ILO:

Teacher Information:

This is an inquiry-based activity, efforts should be made to allow students to make the discoveries with as little guidance as possible from the instructor. However, the instructor needs to be on hand to give prompts if needed.

Students should discover that as the water cools it contracts until it reaches about 4¡C at which point it should expand noticeably. This expansion is due to the polarization of the water molecules. As the particles slow down, a weak force allows polar alignment to take place between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

This activity works well in groups of 3 or 4 students if each student is given a responsibility. Some jobs that can be assigned are:

Team captain ∆ organizes the team, assigns tasks, keeps them on task etc.

Recorder ∆ records the data for the team.

Observer ∆ reads the thermometer, etc.

Quartermaster ∆ handles equipment like boiling water, etc.

Time allotted:

Approximately 3 class periods:

Day 1 from boiling to room temperature

Day 2 from room temperature to refrigerator temperature

Day 3 from refrigerator to ice stage

Materials needed:

Water

Container in which to bring water to boil

A narrow tall container with an open top, (like a graduated cylinder), to cool water in

A candy thermometer

Heat source to boil water

Refrigerator to cool the water to freezing

Graph paper

Paper and pencils to record data

Ruler

Fine point felt pen to mark the side of the cooling container with

Hot pads

Safety goggles

Safety hazards:

Hot objects, glass

Procedures:

1. Form work groups.

2. Hand out student worksheets.

3. Explain the project, scoring, safety hazards, and your expectations.

4. Have groups organize, assign jobs, etc.

5. Have groups plan their experiment and write their experimental plan.

6. Approve each group plan (or send it back for a rewrite).

7. Allow groups to get their materials, make their data sheets, etc.

8. Students do their experiments.

9. Clean up, etc.

10. Have each group report their findings to the class, discuss their discoveries.

11. Outline new research that they may need to do as extensions etc.

12. Assign scores.

Student Information Sheet:

Scientists claim that the amount of heat energy determines the speed of particles of matter, and that the faster the particles of matter are moving, the more substance will expand (get bigger).

In this investigation you will control the temperature of water and measure its volume to determine if there is a relationship between the temperature and the volume of the water.

Your task will be to write an experimental plan that will allow you to measure this temperature/volume relationship from boiling to freezing. You should include in your plan a temperature reading every 5¡C between these two points, with a corresponding volume measurement.

This investigation should be finished in 3 stages,

boiling to room temperature (day 1)

room temperature to refrigerator temperature (day 2)

refrigerator to ice stage (day 3)

Scoring:

A. Experimental plan 10 pts

1. Please include a step-by-step procedure of how you plan

to do your experiment and the materials you will use. Hypothesis

individual and relates to the problem.

2. Needs to be neat and easy to read.

B. Data showing recorded observations (measurements) 5 pts

Needs to show the temperature in 5 degree increments and

the volume. (May be marks on a graduated cylinder etc.)

C. Graph of findings 10 pts

Needs to be neatly plotted on graph paper, lines drawn

with a ruler, etc.

D. Conclusion 10 pts

Write your findings, what you discovered, why you think

it happened, did it match your hypothesis, etc.

Total points 35 points

P	*8^th Grade Integrated Science*	*Standard:* 01
*Objective:* 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in a physical or chemical change and relate the kind of energy added, to the motion of particles.
*ILO:*

Physical Properties of Matter Tasks

Task 3: Boiling Point

Name _________________________________________ Period _________________________

Purpose: To determine what temperature water boils at in our location.

Materials:

alcohol burners goggles wire stand

beaker thermometer cork

boiling chips clamp ring stand

Safety precautions: Follow your teacher's directions carefully concerning the burners and be careful with hot water!!

Procedure:

1. Write a prediction as to what temperature you think the water will boil. _______________

2. Set up the apparatus as demonstrated by your teacher.

3. Add 40 mL of water and boiling chips to beaker.

4. Light the burner and record temperature (in the box below) every 30 seconds.

Time	Temperature	Time	Temperature	Time	Temperature
0		5:00		10:00
0:30		5:30		10:30
1:00		6:00		11:00
1:30		6:30		11:30
2:00		7:00		12:00
2:30		7:30		12:30
3:00		8:00		13:00
3:30		8:30		13:30
4:00		9:00		14:00
4:30		9:30		14:30

Analysis: Answer the following questions.

1. In Celsius, the boiling point is supposed to be 100 degrees. In San Diego it is 100 degrees. How come not here?

2. If you were up on Kings Peak, Utah's highest mountain, what would you expect the boiling point to be?

3. Would it take longer or shorter to cook food there?

4. What is happening to a substance when it is boiling?

5. What are the bubbles made of?

6. Why is it a physical change?

Conclusion: Summarize two things that you learned from this test.

P	*8^th Grade Integrated Science*	*Standard:* 01
*Objective:* 03. Investigate and measure the effects of increasing or decreasing the amount of energy in a physical or chemical change and relate the kind of energy added, to the motion of particles.
*ILO:*

Physical Properties of Matter Tasks

Task 4: Melting and Freezing Points

Name __________________________________________ Period_________________________

Purpose: To measure the temperature of substances as they freeze or melt.

Prediction: What temperature do you think mothballs will freeze?

Materials: