Draft
This document is for the purposes of development of this document and should not be used for other purposes. If you wish to comment on this document please send comments to bmouldin@usoe.k12.ut.us
Secondary School
Chemical Safety
for
Utah Public Schools
March 2000
Chemical Safety Program
For Utah Science Teachers
Mission Statement Page 3
Elementary Guidelines Page 4
Secondary Guidelines Page 4
Laboratory Safety Page 5
Chemical Storage and MSDS Page 5
Limiting Liability Page 6
Safety Mentor System Page 7
The Risk Management Survey Page 8
Chemical Hygiene Page 8
Safety References Page 10
Risk Management Questions Page 11
School District Emergency Phone
Numbers/Contracts and Safety Procedures Page 13
Flinn "40 Devils" - Chemicals To Beware Of Pager 14
State Limited Access Chemicals Page 15
First Aid Page 16
Forms To Report An Accident Page 19
Forms To Report A Safety Concern Page 20
Safety Mentor System forms Page 21
A Sample Chemical Hygiene Plan Page 23
The primary goal of this program is to provide tools, training, and mentor support to Utah science teachers in matters of chemical safety. The program should empower teachers to create a reasonably safe laboratory environment without sacrificing a strong hands-on approach to learning science. This program involves school support personnel, administrators at every level, and a variety of public safety services. Nevertheless, the heart of this program is the individual science teacher because of his/her position to establish and maintain chemical safety at the school and classroom level. Furthermore, this program is intended to be an on-going, proactive process. The goal is to enlist the participation of every science teacher in the state, especially chemistry teachers.
Chemical safety is an area of science education that needs to be attended to vigilantly. Most accidents occur because of neglect, poor judgment, or ignorance. Utah science teachers should use this program to improve safety in their schools and to educate themselves and their students. This program is not merely a checklist of do’s and don'ts. It is an on-going program to train science teachers. Regardless, no program can free teachers, administrators and other personnel from risk or personal responsibility.
Some goals of the program will be to help teachers:
The material that follows will help teachers assess the chemical safety needs of their schools, find answers to questions, locate resources, develop safe laboratory strategies, teach safety to their students, document the progress of safety improvement, avoid legal problems through compliance with the law, and learn from the experience of others. Included is a program of on-going opportunities for training and teacher-to-teacher mentoring for all Utah science teachers who wish to participate.
Elementary Schools (K-6)
Although many products found in the typical home are safe to use in schools, many dangerous chemicals can also be purchased from grocery and hardware stores. Care should be exercised whenever using chemicals with young students. Use good judgment for age-appropriate activities. Pure chemicals purchased through chemical stores should also be used with care and good judgment. Store purchased chemicals are often equivalent in strength and potency to pure chemicals. All warning labels should be carefully read and heeded. An over-riding question should always enter your mind, "Would a reasonable parent expose the child to the chemical you intend to use in your activity?" All activities and demonstrations using chemicals should be tested prior to their use in the classroom. Students must be instructed about precautions they should take whenever using chemicals--in school or at home. Protective eyewear must be provided for activities involving any danger of eye injury.
When storing chemicals in the school, use the following rule of thumb: If no one uses a chemical or mixture in the school during the current school year, and no specific plan exists to use it the next year, dispose of it following instructions as indicted on the label. If there are unknown or unlabeled chemicals in the school, a Utah State-approved mentor can be of help. Sometimes a phone call will be enough. However, if more help is needed, the mentoring system (see "Mentoring" in this document) can help in training local school personnel in the removal of these materials. Remember, any chemicals in the school building may put students at risk, especially if they are never used and rarely attended to. Unused chemicals should always be disposed of.
Secondary Schools (7-12)
Overview and Introduction
A laboratory program is an essential part of the learning experience for a secondary science student. A safe and exciting laboratory can be the highlight of a science program. Some teachers are afraid of the laboratory while others should learn to exercise more caution in the lab. The State of Utah requires annual safety training appropriate for each science teacher. With ongoing training and the proper resources, each teacher will be able to make more responsible decisions about laboratory safety and chemical storage, and to limit liability in the classroom. This section hopes to provide basic information in these areas.
Some safety training could include but should not be limited to some of the following activities:
Take the Risk Management Survey.
Make a plan to act on those areas where your school needs to improve safety.
Any of these activities may be repeated as necessary. The task of safety is so large that working on one or two of these items per year should represent a reasonable effort in safety training.
Laboratory Safety
Knowledge of current safety procedures is part of every science teacher’s professional responsibility. It is the teacher’s responsibility to instruct students in proper laboratory etiquette.
Every student must understand the established rules and procedures to be followed. One effective means of verification of this is the student safety contract. A safety contract goes a long way in letting students and parents know the teacher is serious about safety. Examples of contracts can be obtained from Flinn Scientific (See "Responsible Science Teacher" in the Flinn Catalog) and other sources listed in the appendix of this document. There should be teacher imposed consequences, and students should also know what possible real consequences may be if safety rules are broken.
Safety contracts and posting safety guidelines is a recommended practice for science classrooms, but courts have declared contracts and posting to be insufficient, in and of themselves, to ensure students' safety. The science teacher must continually remind students of both general and specific hazards before the performance of laboratory activities in which any element of danger might exist. Students should not be allowed unsupervised access to potentially dangerous materials or equipment and should be under continual supervision in all laboratory situations. Monitoring or supervising a laboratory setup during passing periods is an essential condition.
One major source of concern is the use of appropriate eye wear. While the exact type and style is up to the individual teacher, all should bear the "Meets ANSI Z87.1 Standards" label. See "Goggles, ANSI standards" in the index from the Flinn catalog for a more complete discussion of goggle safety. The following summary is excerpted from that section:
ANSI states that "the teacher must make a judgment in selection of the appropriate protective equipment so that the protection is greater than the estimated hazards" (ANSI Z87.1 Section 7.3(3) page 15). OSHA states that school laboratories should include "protective apparel compatible with the required degree of protection for substances being handled" (OSHA 1910.1450 (Laboratory Standard) Section D6). Therefore, you should consider the hazards of the chemicals that are being used when selecting eye wear. What may be fine for a staining lab in biology may not be appropriate for an acid-base titration in chemistry. Whatever you choose, ALL students must wear the required eye wear when chemicals, glassware, or heat are used. This must be strictly enforced.
Chemical Storage and MSDS
The safe handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals can be a daunting task for a school with large stockpiles of outdated, unused, and hazardous chemicals. The Flinn Catalog is probably the best current resource for storage and disposal of chemicals. For convenience, throughout this document, reference to the index of the Flinn Catalog is given in quotation marks (""). The referenced sections are virtually the same for a number of years, but the page numbers change from year to year. For storage, see "Hazardous Chemical Storage." The Flinn Catalog has a wonderful section on cleaning up the chemical storage area under "Seven-Step Plan to Clean Up Your Chemical Storage Area," along with a suggested storage plan to keep compatible chemicals together under "Chemical Storage Pattern." A reasonable chemical storage pattern avoids any unwanted reactions in chemicals stored together (including reactions which may occur with accidental shelf collapse). Unfortunately, many safe chemical directives do not inform us of specific incompatibilities. Besides being difficult to use, such lists are inherently flawed because they presume a specific inventory which will be different for each storage area. Therefore, store chemicals within compatible groups and err on the side of assuming that all chemicals from any other group are incompatible.
If old, unused chemicals are cluttering your storage area, Flinn has a good section on safe "Chemical Disposal" procedures. Flinn has a list of "Devils." The state has a list of chemicals that should NOT be in the schools and some which may be kept in limited quantities. See "Limited Access Chemicals" in the appendix of this document. We suggest that these chemicals be stored with special caution (see mentoring system below) or removed entirely if unneeded at the school. (Many but not all of the "Limited Access Chemicals" and the Flinn "Devils" are the same.)
MSDS sheets are required for all chemicals used in the science lab. MSDS stands for material safety data sheet(s). The law requires all vendors to provide these sheets to their customers. By providing this information, the vendor can limit liability. But, many MSDS disclosures are too detailed and too comprehensive to be of practical use to a science teacher. However, these sheets do have safety information which users should know. A three ring binder with a hard copy of all MSDS is required in the science lab and stockroom. Many teachers keep the MSDS that comes as the chemical is purchased. Some print computer-generated copies. All major scientific vendors (including Flinn) sell discs or CD’s with most MSDS on them. There are also some Free internet sites which provide MSDS information. Refer to the Internet sites on the last page of the appendix of this document.
Limiting Liability
Although somewhat protected, the teacher is vulnerable to damaging lawsuits. It is important to plan preventive steps that will minimize accidents, and reduce both individual and district liability. Essentially, such steps include effective safety instruction, prudent selection of activities, careful supervision of all activities, and proper maintenance of laboratory and classroom equipment.
The court uses a "reasonable man" rule to determine whether the responsible individuals exercised the proper degree of caution and judgment. The question is "Would an average person with this training and background have acted the same under similar circumstances?"
To avoid lawsuits, a "reasonable" science teacher investigates the following. What are the hazards? Know them before you do the activity. What are the worst things that can happen? Prepare for them. Use student safety contracts and laboratory safety tests. Use the appropriate
accident, district contact, and report forms if an accident occurs. Use the check lists and risk management forms found in the appendix to evaluate safety practices, safety equipment, and protective facilities needed to minimize risk.
The following vocabulary list and explanations are important to limiting liability:
Instruction
-It is assumed that teachers are experienced in safe laboratory procedures and that students are not. Teachers must be careful to instruct so as to reach the most inexperienced student.Printed safety instructions cannot take the place of teacher instruction.
Supervision
-A teacher stands in Loco Parentis. Teachers of laboratory classes are held to a much stricter standard than other classroom teachers. Handing out a set of safety rules alone does not suffice. The teacher must be able to show that the rules were enforced.Good Judgment
-It is the duty of the teacher to select learning activities that can reasonably be conducted in a safe manner. If you know of a hazardous condition and fail to tell your students, it is likely that you will be found negligent should an injury occur.Negligence
-Negligence is the failure to act as a reasonable and prudent person would act in similar circumstances to prevent harm to others. The plaintiff must show that he was harmed by the action or lack of action of the defendant. (The goal is to have no harm. No harm means no law suit.)Malfeasance
-Malfeasance is doing that which should not have been done (i.e. forcing or allowing a student to assume an unnecessary risk). It is the improper performance of a lawful act (i.e. improper first aid, emergency response or instruction).Proximate Cause
-There must be some direct connection between the defendant's action or failure to act and the plaintiff's injury. Leaving students unattended is one of the surest ways for teachers to be found liable for student injuries.
Safety Mentor System
A safety mentor system has been established to assist science teachers in all aspects of science safety. Primarily, safety is the responsibility of the individual science teacher. Therefore, the science teachers in the school will guide the mentor’s training agenda. The mentor will be a resource to the school by the invitation of the science teacher. From experience, most schools need mentoring in the areas of specific chemical safety training, handling, and storage.
Most mentors will perform four major duties:
Interested teachers or schools should have their administration contact the State Science Coordinator. Together they will identify an authorized Safety Mentor who will visit their school. An individual school may only request mentor help only once in any given year. Science teachers would receive inservice salaries for the time spent on the workshop through local District and Eisenhower inservice monies. This training would satisfy State requirements for annual safety training. Mentors would be paid by the same Eisenhower funds at regular rates for inservice teachers.
Persons wishing to become mentors must be authorized through the State Science Coordinator. A mentor must be a currently certificated chemistry teacher, have minimum 3 years teaching chemistry, and be familiar with the state safety requirements and the Flinn Scientific Storage method. A new mentor will be trained by a currently authorized mentor on at least three school visits.
Forms to apply for the mentoring program can be found in the appendix.
The Risk Management Survey
As its name implies, there are numerous practices and policies we as teachers can maintain to limit
1. the risk of an accident occurring
2. the risk of bodily injury in the event of an accident
3. liabilities of all responsible parties in the event of an accident
The questions in this survey are designed to help you and your colleagues gauge your school’s level of safety and preparedness in case of emergency. These questions are generated from OSHA standards and from a State of Utah "Risk Management Self-Inspection Survey Report for Laboratories" in an effort to help us answer the question "Do we maintain and operate a safe lab environment?"
Some general categories of these questions are...
1. safety of the physical environment
2. chemical inventory, storage, disposal, cleanup, etc.
3. "right-to-know" situations (MSDS, hygiene plan, etc)
4. operating procedures
5. education - training
This survey acts as a checklist for safety. As such, its strength lies in that it is a mandate to come into compliance with the law. If something is needed on that list, the strength of law is on the side of obtaining it. The weakness of this checklist is a false sense of security if the school complies with it completely. No matter how hard someone tries to make a complete checklist, one may fall short of the mark. It is always the duty of the science teacher to constantly work to improve safety procedures.
CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
This plan is essentially a compilation of all of your safety regulations and proper lab procedures in one manual or document. Federal law requires a "Laboratory Standard" as part of the Hazard Communication Act specifically for the research and academic laboratory.
Some examples of things found in a typical hygiene plan might be rules on not eating in the laboratory, eye wear requirements, proper evacuation procedures, and the proper handling of flammable materials, among many other applicable topics and procedures. These rules and
procedures must be well thought out with the goal of minimizing the exposure of the employees and students!!
[Flinn Scientific has available, free of charge, a sample of such a comprehensive plan, which you could tailor to meet your individual needs and facility specifics.]
Safety references and sources of safety information
INTERNET RESOURCES
State Office of Education: Science home page
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/Science.html
A comprehensive source of current safety information for all science courses
in Utah schools
LabSafety http:// www.LabSafety.com
Safety FAQ, Ez facts on chemical safety, etc.
Flinn Scientific_ http://www.flinnsci.com
Connections to MSDS sheets on-line and other safety materials
OSHA _ http://www.osha.gov
Legal information
Oxford University _
http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDSOn-line MSDS listings
University of Kentucky _ http://www.ilpi.com/msds/index.html
Internet Resources for MSDS and other listings (four pages of links)
MSDS sheets
TEXT RESOURCES
-Flinn Scientific Catalog. Important sections are "Right to Know Laws," "Chemical
inventory & Storage," and "Chemical Disposal Procedures"
VIDEO RESOURCES
Flinn Scientific Safety Seminar: Practical Solutions To Laboratory Safety Problems
Catalog No. AP8825
Risk management questions
1. Is our chemical inventory list complete, updated and kept in our chemical storage room?
2. Are food or drinks stored separate from chemicals (especially in refrigerators)
3. Are storage shelves restrained properly or do they have lip edges to protect from
rolling/falling off shelves?4. Are all walking and working surfaces clean, uncluttered and in good condition?
5. Are all emergency phone numbers posted near the phones?
6. Are applicable personal protective equipment provided and used properly by those handling
hazardous chemicals?7. Are chemical goggles used by all people in chemical storage and lab activities?
8. Is the chemical storage room continuously ventilated?
9. Are emergency procedures & plans practiced and posted in the lab?
10. Is a master gas shutoff valve easily available in each lab?
11. Are compressed gas cylinders safely stored, properly restrained, transported and used
vertically?12. Are the safety caps in place while compressed gas cylinders are being stored?
13. Is emergency eye wash and shower equipment maintained and readily available for each
lab area?14. Are operational fume hoods provided in labs when noxious/toxic chemicals are prepared or
tested?15. Is the fume hood clear and clean and not used as a storage area?
16. Are the pathways used as exit-evacuation routes wide enough(>28")?
17. Do we have easily accessible, maintained fire extinguishers in lab and storage areas?
18. Is our staff trained in how to find & use the fire extinguishers'?
19. Are all original containers of chemicals properly labeled?
20. Are all our chemical containers capped and sealed when not in immediate use?
21. Are all of our chemicals labeled accordingly when removed for the original containers and
placed in reagent bottles or equivalent containers?22. Do we have a written hazard communication program for our lab settings?
23. Do we have a written chemical hygiene plan and standard operating procedures updated
and available?24. Are all biological hazards identified, labeled, and stored and disposed of properly?
25. Are all contaminated sharps/glass discarded immediately in puncture resistant containers,
capped, labeled and disposed of properly?26. Are first aid materials kept in adequate supply and easily available?
27. Are chemical spill cleanup kits available in storage and lab rooms?
28. Are our chemicals stored according to their chemical properties?
29. Are our flammables (more than 10 gallons) stored in approved flammable storage cabinets
or rooms?30. Are acids stored in corrosive resistant cabinets?
31. Are strong bases stored in separate corrosive cabinets?
32. Are all our oxidizing and reducing agents (fuels) stored apart from each other?
33. Are our water-reactive substances stored where they are always isolated from water?
34. Are all of our poisonous chemicals locked up in a secure cabinet/storage room?
35. Are acetylene and other fuel gas cylinders separated from oxygen cylinders?
36. Are explosion-proof refrigerators used to store explosive chemicals?
37. Are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) obtained for all our chemicals and available in the
chemical storage area?38. Are our new and current colleagues trained and ‘documented’?
39. Do we keep proper documentation on the amounts and kinds of hazardous waste
generated, stored, and transported in our school?40. Are waste containers labeled as ‘hazardous waste’ marked at initial date of accumulation,
with product name(s) and percentages when mixed?
41. Do we have a waste management program that properly identifies, classifies and governs
the regulated or hazardous waste?42. Are all hazardous wastes stored in sturdy containers according to compatibilities, inspected
for leaks and kept closed except when waste is added or removed?a. The label should also state the hazard property and precautions to be taken,
including protective equipment, to be used while handling.b. An initial training in chemical hazards and lab safety and an annual refresher is
strongly suggested for all laboratory professionals.c. Nitric acid is an oxidizing agent and should be stored apart from other acids,
especially acetic acid.d. It is recommended that all shelves be secured to the walls or have earthquake
bracing; store larger/heavier chemical containers on lower shelvese. MSDS’s, proper labeling, chemical inventory, written program, training
documentation, emergency planning, etc. are required by OSHA.f. OSHA’s Blood borne Pathogen Standard.
g. Separated by 20 feet or by a 5 foot high noncombustible barrier having a half-hour
fire rating.
SCHOOL DISTRICT EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS/CONTACTS
AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
Note: Insert a copy of your school district’s emergency procedures and your school’s hygiene plan with this document.
Include evacuation plans, hazardous materials found in the laboratory, spill procedures and so forth. Enter your important local telephone numbers here.
Flinn’s List of the 40 Devils
The Flinn "40 Devils" list includes those chemical that are routine sources of trouble on school premises. Examples are the bottle of bromine that is slowly destroying all the metal in its immediate vicinity, the broken bottle of butyric acid, the stench of which forces evacuation of the school building, or formaldehyde, the source of constant inquiries from biology teachers.
The point of the "40 Devils" list is simple. If you are looking for a place to start getting chemical substances under control, use this list as your guide.
The first step is to determine if you have any of these substances. The second step is to familiarize your self with their hazardous character by reviewing the detailed listing for each substance in the Flinn Scientific Catalog/Reference Manual. The third step is to contain and control these devil chemicals by using plastic bags and paint cans to properly store them.
Utah State Office of Risk Management
Chemical Safety Table
Caution: This is not a comprehensive list of all explosive and dangerous chemicals.
The substances in this table are not recommended for use or storage in schools and should be disposed of immediately. The explosive and dangerous chemicals, which are noted by an asterisk, could be present in schools only in maximum noted quantities, when an absolute need is determined by the teacher and substitution is not possible. Such chemicals, can only be used by the teacher for demonstration purposes
1) Explosive Chemicals
*Carbon disulfide - 500 mL (tightly capped)
* Potassium metal - £ 100 g stored under light
mineral oil, keep away from moisture* Sodium metal - £ 100 g stored under light
mineral oil, keep away from moisture* Lithium metal - £ 100 g stored under light
mineral oil, keep away from moistureBenzoyl peroxide - none
Diisopropyl ether - none
Nitrogen triiodide - none
Perchloric acid - none
Picric acid - none
Sodium azide - none
2) Carcinogens & extremely hazardous chemicals:
* Cadmium salts - £ 100 grams
* Nicotine - £ 10 grams
* Bromine - £ 1 pint
* Calcium carbide - £ 100 gram
* Paradichlorobenzene - £ 500 grams
* Phenol (carbolic acid) - £ 500 grams
* Toluene - £ 1 liter
* Xylene - £ 1 liter
2-Acetylaminofluorine - none
4-Aminodiphenyl - none
Aniline - none
Antimony oxide - none
Arsenic powder - none
Arsenic compound - none
Asbestos - none
Benzene - none
Barium peroxide - none
Benzidine (and salts) - none
Beryllium carbonate - none
Cadmium powder - none
Carbon tetrachloride - none
Chloroform - none
Cobalt powder - none
Chromium (VI) oxide - none
3, 3-Dichlorobenzidene (& salts) - none
Dimethyl amine - none
4-Dimethlyaminoazobenzene - none
Dioxane - none
Ethylene dichloride - none
Ethyleneimine - none
Ethylene oxide - none
Hydrazine (anhydrous) - none
Hydrofluoric acid - none
Lead arsenate - none
Methylchloromethyl ether - none
4-4 Methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) - none
Methylene chloride - none
Osmiumtetraoxide - none
Alpha-naphtylamine - none
Beta-naphthylamine - none
Nickel powder - none
4-Ntrobiphenyl - none
Beta-propiolacetone - none
Phosphorus (yellow, white, or red) - none
Sodium arsenate - none
Sodium arsenite - none
Vinyl chloride - none
Acrylonitrile - none
0-toluidine - none
Ammonium dichromate - none
Chromic acid - none
Formaldehyde - none
First Aid
At times the science teacher might need to render assistance until advanced medical help arrives. At those times the teacher needs to take appropriate action. Each science classroom should be equipped with appropriate first-aid and safety materials.
SCIENCE CLASSROOM FIRST-AID AND SAFETY MATERIALS
FIRST AID KIT
CONTENTS
10 -- 4x4 Sponges
2 -- Large Dressings
2 -- Eye Pads
1 -- Triangle Bandage
4 pair -- Latex Gloves
Assortment -- Adhesive Band-aids
A number of Q-TIPS
Antispetic (Neosporin)
4 -- Antiseptic Wipes
1 -- CPR Micro Shield/Mouthpiece
1 -- Tape
1 -- Scissors
2 -- Empty Zip Lock Bags
2 -- Gauze Rolls (Kerlix)
Irrigation Bottle !!!
GENERAL FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS PAPER
Equipment
Splash-proof goggles - for every student, instructor, and visitor
Bag of cat litter, bucket of sand, or commercial absorbent- to smother alkali fires, dam around spills, reduce slippery conditions, and so on.
Earthenware crock - for disposal of solid chemicals (If needed, have several crocks labeled to prevent mixing of incompatible chemicals.)
Fume hoods, where appropriate
Mercury clean-up chemicals (e.g. zinc dust, mercury "sponges")
Neutralizing agents:
Acetic acid (30% [5M] solution) - for neutralizing spilled bases
Sodium bicarbonate (saturated solution) - for neutralizing spilled acids
Rubber or nitrile gloves
Safety equipment:
Eyewash/shower unit
Face Shields
Fire Blanket
Fire extinguisher(s), multipurpose
Safety shield
General Information
If an accident or incident occurs, the teacher is expected to act in an informed and professional manner. Once assistance is given, it should be continued until the problem is resolved or until the patent is released to qualified medical help, the parent or another responsible person. Measures should be taken to reduce any anxiety or fear that the injured student or other students experience. A written accident report should be given to the school administrator when any such incident occurs; see Appendix __ for a sample Accident Report.
Do's in First Aid
1. Do be cool, calm, and collected. Most cases are not serious.
2. Do obtain staff assistance, if necessary.
3. Do handle the person as little as possible. Do not move the person until the evaluation is complete.
On completion of the emergency-handling phase:4. Do check with the victim and with any witnesses about what happened.
5. Do make a prompt complete, and accurate report of the incident to the department chairperson and
the administration.Don'ts in First Aid
1. Don't give liquids (or medicines) to an unconscious person.
2. Don't try to arouse an unconscious person.
3. Don't cut the skin, break blisters, and so forth.
4. Don't diagnose.
5. Don't give medical advice.
6. Don't transport an injured student in a private car.
7. Don't send a student home before consulting a parent.
8. Don't treat injuries that happened at home.
Basic First Aid
Procedures
Exposure to blood and body fluids
A. Use gloves
B. Dispose of rags and towels used in clean-up
CPR Procedure
A. Airway - Look, Listen, Feel -Tilt head to open airway
B. Breathing 12-20 per minute
C. Check for Pulse - in neck
D. Basic CPR process 15 compression, 2 Breaths
Choking
A. Any type of audible noise -- Leave them Alone
B. Blue-gray, no noise -- find belly button, make fist above belly button, below xiphoid process, apply upward thrust.
Fainting
A. Self correcting problem lay down, elevate feet, gradually bring up
B. Look for other injuries because of fainting
Seizures
A. Jerking movement get other students out- stop the embarrassment
B. Protect from objects in the environment
C. Might last 1 min., variable time, sit and rest Allergic Reaction
A. Get away from source
B. Can't breath (Asthma) -- very serious call ambulance
Electrical Shock
A. Shut off electricity
B. Heart can stop-- start CPR (15 compressions, 2 breaths)
C. Wrap wound with a clean dry bandage
Bleeding (Stop)
A. Direct pressure (good psychology)
B. Elevation
C. Pressure points- close to bone
D. Dressing- bandages
E. Prevent shock !!!!
Impaled Objects
A. Leave the object alone - Let a professional remove it
Chemicals in Eyes
A. Flush minimum 20 minutes force eyes open
Chemical Burns of the Skin (Acid/ Base)
A. Do Not Attempt To Neutralize Any Chemical - may cause further damage
B. Gentle flow of large amounts of waters (Not under pressure)
Non-chemical Burns of the Skin
A. Constant flow of cool water over burn-- DO NOT ICE !!!
B. Do not cover burns with cotton or paper towel
C. Do not put anything on it -- NO OINTMENTS ETC. !!!
D. Watch for shock -- ELEVATE BURNED PARTS
E. OBTAIN MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IMMEDIATLEY!!!
An Accident / Incident Report Form
1. Person completing the report : _________________________________
2. Date of accident / incident : ________________________________________
3. Time of the accident / incident : _____________________________________
4. Location of the accident / incident :
5. Staff / student (s) involved in the accident / incident:
A. Staff (report attached) B. Student (report attached)
_______________________ __________________________
_______________________ __________________________
_______________________ __________________________
_______________________ __________________________
6. Teacher description of the accident / incident :
7. Immediate action taken to deal with the emergency :
8. Corrective action taken to avoid a repeat of the accident / incident in the future:
___________________________________ ______________________
(Signature of person completing report) (Date report completed)
Form To Report A Safety Concern
SAFETY MAINTENANCE REQUEST FORM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please indicate within one week what corrective action will be taken.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROBLEM : _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
LOCATION : _____________________________________________________________
REPORTED BY :_________________________________ DATE : ____________
COPY TO : __________ EMPLOYEE ________ DEPARTMENT HEAD
___________ PRINCIPAL ________ MAINTENANCE DIRECTOR
_______________________________ OTHER
Application for State Approved Mentor Help
In Chemical Storage Organization
District _____________________ District Authorization __________________
School ______________________
School Street District Financial Support
Address _____________________ _____________________________
City, State Zip ________________ ( Minimum 2 day workshop )
School Telephone ( ) _________
Contact Person _______________
Title ________________________
Describe specific needs :
Assigned Mentor(s) :
Return this application to:
Brett Moulding
Science Specialist
Utah State Office of Education
250 East 500 South
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
Chemical Safety Mentor Application
District ______________________
Name ________________________ School ______________________
Home Street School Street
Address _______________________ Address ______________________
City, State, Zip __________________ City, State, Zip _________________
Home Telephone ( ) _____________ School Telephone ( ) _____________
e-mail Address _____________________
______ years teaching Chemistry
_____ Chemistry Major _____ Chemistry Minor
Mentor Training
Dates/ Places :
Team Leader (s) :
Approved by _____________________________ Date _____________
Return this application to:
Brett Moulding
Science Specialist
Utah State Office of Education
250 East 500 South
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
School District
Chemical Hygiene Officer Appointment
In compliance with the Federal Laboratory Standard _________________(School Name) realizes our responsibility for the protection of our employees. We hereby institute the enclosed chemical Hygiene Plan to assist us in our safety program.
(School Name) hereby appoints _________________________
(Hygiene Officer's Name) to be our Chemical Hygiene Officer for the school year / .
We acknowledge the Chemical Hygiene Officer has the knowledge and authority to implement and enforce our Chemical Hygiene Plan.
Note: This document is an adoption from the Flinn Scientific generic chemical hygiene plan. Fill in the blank spaces in your word processor program to personalize the document.
School District
Chemical Hygiene Plan
Introduction
The Chemical Hygiene Plan is the major ingredient of the Laboratory Standard. School District will carry out a written Chemical Hygiene Plan, which is capable of:
Protecting employees from health hazards associated with hazardous chemicals in the laboratory.
Keeping chemical exposures below established permissible exposure limits. (Consult your Flinn Chemical Catalog/Reference Manual for specific chemical permissible exposure limits.)
The Chemical Hygiene Plan will be readily available to employees. The school district shall review and evaluate the effectiveness of the Chemical Hygiene Plan at least annually and update it as necessary. The Chemical Hygiene Plan will include each of the following elements and should include specific measures the employer will take to ensure laboratory employee protection.
District and School Responsibilities
1) Schools will record all employee exposures to hazardous chemicals.
a) Record all chemical exposures. Obtain and keep up to date information provided by a medical examination.
b) Forward copies of these records, including all employee exposure and medical records to the district.
2) Train employees to:
a) Understand the hazards of chemicals they use in the laboratory. Recognize signs and symptoms associated with overexposure to hazardous chemicals.
c) Properly use personal protective equipment (fume hoods, respirators, goggles, etc.)
d) Protect themselves from chemical exposure by following good laboratory procedures.
e) Understand the content of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
3) Provide access to all employees of
a) MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets).
b) Previous exposure records.
c) The Laboratory Standard and Chemical Hygiene Plan.
d) Permissible exposure limits of hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory. (Consult your Flinn Chemical Catalog/Reference Manual)
4) Upon receipt of chemical:
a) Schools will compile MSDS forms.
b) Make sure the label is proper and contains the minimum amount of information:
1) Chemical name.
2) Hazard information.
3) Name and address of the manufacturer.
Note: You must follow these steps for all chemicals and chemical solutions made and stored in your laboratory or chemical store room.
II) Standard Operating Procedures
General Employee Rules and Procedures
Minimize all chemical exposures.
Skin Contact with chemicals should be avoided.
Avoid underestimation of chemical hazards and risks.
Wear appropriate eye protection at all times. Chemical splash goggles must be worn any time chemicals, glassware or heat are used in the laboratory.
Never work alone in the laboratory, chemical storage or prep area.
Flammable liquids require special attention. Never use these materials near any source of ignition, spark or open flame.
Never perform a first-time chemical demonstration in front of your class. Always perform first-time demonstrations in front of other instructors to evaluate the safety of the demonstration.
Never store chemicals over, under or near a sink.
Only authorized personnel should be allowed in the chemical storeroom.
Have a fire blanket easily accessible in case of an accident.
Train all students on how to use all safety devices in the laboratory (e.g., eyewash, f ire extinguisher, etc.) and teach all students and employees to find the safety devices quickly in an emergency. Sign off Apprentice Training Sheet. See Training Sheet Application.
Employees will know appropriate procedure in the event of a power failure.
Employees will know where and how to use mater utility controls to shut off gas, electrical and water supplies.
Never smell or taste chemicals.
Use a safety shield whenever an explosion or implosion might occur.
Read all chemical labels prior to use.
Know and understand the hazards of the chemical as stated in the MSDS and other references.
Use protection safety equipment to reduce potential exposure, i.e. gloves, respirators, fume hood, etc.
Know the locations for all personal safety and emergency equipment, eyewash, shower, fire extinguisher and spill control materials.
Know how to properly store all chemicals in their compatible chemical families. (Consult the Flinn Chemical Catalog Reference Manual for details.)
Know the proper transportation and disposal procedures for chemicals.
Know appropriate emergency procedures, waste disposal, spill clean up, evacuation routes, and fire emergency notification.
Know and understand the personal hygiene practices outlined in the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
Annual 4 hour training by School Hygiene Officer is required for each science teacher and have on file appropriate documentation of in-service.
General Laboratory Rules and Procedures
1) In the event of an accident, contact school first responder and appropriate administrator, and call a physician.
2) The laboratory should be well ventilated. Air for laboratory ventilation shall directly flow into the laboratory from non-laboratory areas and out to the exterior of the building. Ventilation will be checked annually.
3) Emergency telephone numbers are posted in the chemical stores area. Have a telephone or some means of emergency communication in the laboratory, chemical storage area and prep area.
4) Do not use chipped, etched or cracked glassware. Glassware that is chipped or scratched presents a serious breakage hazard when heated or handled.
5) All laboratories must have eyewash capable of treating both eyes continuously for 15 minutes with copious quantities of potable water. Teach everyone how to use the eyewash quickly in case of an emergency. Eyewash effectiveness and operation should be inspected every three months. Promptly repair any eyewash that does not meet the water flow requirements of ANSI Z358.I.
6) In the event of an accident, when time allows, fill out an accident report describing the event in detail and file with appropriate administrator.
7) Read all labels carefully-the names of many chemicals look alike at first glance.
Do not operate electrical equipment with wet hands.
9) Have appropriate types and sizes of fire extinguishers. Tri-class ABC and/or Halon fire extinguishers are appropriate for laboratories. A Class D fire extinguisher should be available when working with flammable solids. Fire extinguishers should be inspected every six months.
10) Do not block fire exits.
11) Have an alternative evacuation route in the event your primary route becomes blocked.
12) Practice your emergency plans.
13) Do not drink from lab glassware or other lab vessels.
14) No food in the laboratory. Do not eat, drink or chew gum in the laboratory.
15) Do not apply cosmetics in areas where laboratory chemicals are present.
16) Keep all aisles clear.
17) Do not run in the laboratory.
18) No unlabeled products should be stored anywhere in the science facility.
20) An approved eyewash station and fire blanket should be accessible in the science lab.
21) Neutralizing chemicals, such as a spill kit, dry sand, kitty litter, and other spill control materials should be readily available.
22) Dispose of all chemicals properly. All disposal procedures used should conform to state and local regulations.
23) Safety showers or body drenches should be provided. Showers should be tested every six months. Promptly repair any shower or body drench, which does not meet the water flow requirements of ANSI Z358.1.
24) Access to exits, emergency equipment and master utility controls should never be blocked.
25) All accidents or near accidents (close calls) should be carefully analyzed with the results distributed to all who might benefit.
26) Never pipette by mouth.
27) Avoid the use of contact lenses in the laboratory. If contact lenses must be worn, the science teacher must be informed so special precautions can be taken.
28) Never perform unauthorized laboratory experiments.
Personal Hygiene Guidelines
1) Do not apply cosmetics or smoke, eat, chew, or drink in the laboratory.
2) Do not pipette by mouth-always use a pipette bulb or other appropriate suction device.
3) Wash thoroughly after any chemical exposure or before leaving the laboratory.
4) Never smell chemicals directly; always waft the odors to your nose using your hand.
5) Never bring foodstuffs, opened or closed, into the lab, chemical prep or storage area. Foodstuffs, should not be eaten if in a room with toxic materials.
Protective Clothing Requirements
1) Eye protection must be worn. Chemical splash goggles must meet ANSI Z87. 1 Standard. Wear face shields when dealing with corrosive liquids, (i.e., full strength acids and bases).
2) Wear gloves that offer protection for all hazards you may find in the lab. Test for holes every time you wear your gloves.
3) Always wear a full-length lab coat or a chemical-resistant apron.
4) Wear low healed shoes. Do not wear open-toed shoes or sandals of any kind. Always wear socks in the laboratory.
5) Wear a respirator with the appropriate cartridge if you feel you might exceed permissible exposure limits as specified in the MSDS.
6) Never block access to emergency exits or equipment.
7) Clean up all spills properly and promptly. See Spill Appendage and refer to Flinn Scientific Catalog.
8) Do not wear shorts-wear long pants
9) Do not wear loose or balloon sleeves.
10) Tie back long hair.
11) Do not wear contact lenses-goggles fit over eyeglasses.
12) Do not wear hanging jewelry.
13) Do not wear a long or loose necktie.
14) Do not wear an absorbent watchstrap.
Note: Inspect all protective safety equipment before use. If defective, do not use. Appropriate protective gloves will be available for student use when needed.
Housekeeping Rules
1) Keep chemicals in the chemical prep and storage area. If chemicals are moved to the classroom for lab, they must be returned to their proper storage location at the end of the day's laboratory periods.
2) Waste materials require proper containers and labels.
3) Do not store items in the fume hood. The storage of items in the fume hood is a fire hazard and decreases the efficiency of the fume hood.
4) Label all chemicals with names and hazards, even solutions.
5) Never block access to exits or emergency equipment.
6) Clean up all spills properly and promptly.
7) Work and floor surfaces should be cleaned regularly and kept free of clutter.
Spill and Accident Procedures
1) Notify all for help. Evacuate-Get everyone to a safe location. Assemble-Organize the students and all workers. Report-Fill out a detailed accident report after the emergency is over.
2) Clean up spills immediately and thoroughly. Follow approved spill cleanup procedures, spills should only be cleaned up by approved personnel.
3) A bucket of dry sand should be available as a Class D fire extinguisher and to aid in providing traction on a slippery floor.
4) Neutralizer for both acid and base spills should be available in the event of a chemical spill.
Chemical Storage Rules and Procedures
1) Keep an updated inventory of all chemicals, their amounts and location. Stored chemicals should be examined annually for replacement, deterioration and chemical integrity. The entire Chemical Hygiene Plan is based on the proper updated inventory always being available.
2) Label all chemical solutions you make with the identity of the contents, date, concentration, hazard information and your name.
3) Date label all chemicals with the purchase date. This will allow anyone to determine the age of a substance at a later date.
4) Establish a separate and secure storage area for chemicals.
5) Do not allow incoming shipments of chemicals to be opened and transported by school personnel other than qualified science teachers. The special and expensive shipping containers used are frequently discarded and would prove valuable for chemical storage.
6) All chemicals should be stored in chemically compatible families (See Flinn Chemical Catalog Reference Manual for details)
7) Store the minimum amount of chemicals needed.
8) Store corrosives in appropriate corrosive cabinets.
9) No flammable materials should be stored outside an approved flammable storage cabinet unless in safety cans.
10) Do not store chemicals under a fume hood.
11) If possible, keep certain items in the original shipping package.
12) Avoid storing chemicals on shelves above eye level.
13) The storage area and cabinets should be labeled as to identify the hazardous nature of the products stored within. This will allow fire department officials to quickly see a potentially hazardous area.
14) Shelving above any work area, such as a sink, should be free of chemicals or other loose miscellany.
15) Shelving sections should be secured to walls or floor to prevent tipping of entire sections.
16) Shelves should be equipped with lips to prevent containers from rolling off.
17) Chemicals should not be stored on the floor except in approved shipping containers.
18) Storage area will be ventilated by at least four changes of air per hour. Isolate the chemical storage exhaust from the general building ventilation system.
19) Never store food in a laboratory refrigerator.
20) Store chemicals in a separate, locked, dedicated storeroom.
21) Store all poisons in a locked cabinet.
22) Only authorized personnel are allowed in the chemical storage area. Students should never be allowed in this area.
23) Chemical exposure to heat or direct sunlight should be avoided.
Storage Requirements Compressed Gas Handling Instructions
1) Compressed gases should be handled as high-energy sources, and therefore, as potential explosives.
2) Always protect the cylinder valve stem.
3) Avoid exposure of cylinders to heat. Do not store gas cylinders in direct sunlight.
4) Never lubricate, modify, force or tamper with a cylinder valve.
5) Cylinders of toxic, flammable or reactive gases should be used only under a fume hood.
6) Do not extinguish a flame involving a combustible gas until the gas is shut off otherwise it can re-ignite-possibly causing an explosion.
7) Gas cylinders must be secured in place. They must be protected to prevent valve damage, which may be caused by falling.
Storage Requirements: flammable Chemicals Handling Instructions
1) Store all flammables in a dedicated flammables cabinet.
2) Keep cool, between 55°f and 80°f at all times.
3) Store away from all sources of ignition.
4) Store away from all oxidizers.
5) Never store flammables in refrigerators unless the refrigerator is explosion proof.
6) Avoid storing any chemicals, especially flammable materials in direct sunlight.
Storage Requirements: Corrosive Materials Handling Instructions
1. Store corrosives in appropriate corrosive cabinets.
2. If possible, keep certain items in the original shipping package.
3. Working with corrosive materials requires special eye wear. Wear a chemical splash face shield when handling corrosive materials.
4. Annually inspect all shelf clips in your acid cabinet to check for possible corrosion. These shelf clips are the only thing between you and a collapsed shelf. They require special attention.
Procedure Specific Safety Rules and Guidelines (for extremely hazardous chemicals)
1) Use a fume hood when the permissible exposure limit for a chemical is less than 50 ppm as indicated on the chemical MSDS.
2) Carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and allergens should not be used in schools, See Flinn’s List.
3) Handle toxic, corrosive, flammable and noxious chemicals under a fume hood.
4) Do not expose flammable liquids to open flame, sparks, heat or any source of ignition.
5) Only use flammable solids (sodium, potassium, lithium, etc.) in very small quantities. Use a safety shield when igniting flammable solids.
6) Water-reactive solids (sodium metal, potassium metal, etc.) should be stored under dry oil.
7) Use extreme caution when handling finely divided (dust-like) material. Finely divided materials may form explosive mixtures with air.
8) Open cans of ether (ethyl ether) should be properly disposed of after use and not stored unless absolutely necessary. Rely on expiration date to dispose of the material.
9) Glycerin should be available only to the instructor.
III) Safety Equipment Inspection
There are many safety items necessary for compliance to the Laboratory Standard. They include, but are not limited to:
1) Eye washes.
2) Fire extinguishers.
3) Goggles.
4) Respirators.
All safety equipment in the facility must always be in good operating condition. This statement applies to all safety equipment, required or recommended.
1) Goggles always must be clean and functional.
2) Laboratory ventilation must meet the standard of eight air changes per hour and must be tested quarterly.
3) A respirator must be fit tested and the appropriate cartridges must be available.
4) Fire extinguishers must be of the right type, Triclass ABC, and they must always be properly inspected.
5) Eye washes must be functional and flushed at least once a month.
6) Fume hoods must be operational at the level of 70-100 linear feet per minute as measured by a volumeter.
All of the above items and all safety equipment must be inspected every three months at the minimum. Any safety equipment failing this quarterly inspection or reported to be out of order at any time must be reported to District Maintenance for repairs.
IV) Employee Training
____________________________________________ (School Name) provides ongoing training sessions for our employees. Our training includes:
1) Content and location of this Chemical Hygiene Plan and The Laboratory Standard.
2) Potential hazards involved in using chemicals.
3) Signs and symptoms of overexposure to chemicals. How to detect potentially harmful exposures before they are harmful.
4) Location and availability of chemical Material Safety Data Sheets (MS DS).
5) Understanding of the permissible exposure limits (PELs) used in the school.
Exposure Evaluation
It is the communicated policy of __________________________________(School Name) to investigate all suspected over-exposures to chemicals in a prompt and timely fashion.
In the event of an overexposure, after the immediate event, all chemicals and circumstances involved in the overexposure must be documented. This information should be used to change safety practices to further improve lab safety.
Signs of over-exposure are numerous; they include:
1) Accidental breakage of a hazardous material container.
2) A skin rash or irritation occurring because of contact with a chemical.
3) Caustic splash to eyes, face or body.
4) Symptoms such as nausea, dizziness and others.
Note: If monitoring of the air is determined to be necessary, the results of the monitoring must be made available to the employees within 2 weeks.
V. Medical Evaluations
It is the policy of_________________________________________ (School Name) to make medical consultation and examination available to our employees when:
a) Any sign or symptom of an overexposure to a chemical is present.
b) Monitoring has indicated an overexposure to a chemical has occurred.
c) There has been a spill or uncontrolled release of chemical fumes.
We will provide the physician with the names of the chemicals used, circumstances of the exposure and all signs and symptoms of the exposure.
The medical examinations dealing with the overexposure must be documented and other employees working under the same conditions must be notified. All documentation must be kept on file with federal GRAMA Requirements, Risk Management, and Workers Comp Regulations.
Monitoring
Monitoring will be necessary for substances regulated by a standard only if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for that substance routinely exceed the PEL for that substance. If you have no cause to suspect a hazard or an exposure, no monitoring is necessary.
If monitoring is performed and this initial monitoring shows no evidence of exposure, the monitoring may be discontinued. If initial monitoring indicates an exposure, steps must be taken immediately to reduce the exposure to permissible limits. Monitoring must then be performed periodically to verify that the steps to reduce the exposure have been effective. Monitoring may be terminated after complying with the applicable standard for the hazardous material.
All monitoring results and activities shall be fully accessible and in full knowledge of the employee(s).
Emergency Evacuation Plan
Establish a chain of communication.
Evacuation may or may not be necessary depending on the incident. Once it has been determined evacuation is necessary, proceed in an orderly fashion as you would in a fire drill evacuation. Send everyone to a predestinated area and then count heads to make sure everyone is out of the building.
Proper evacuation procedures must be thoroughly planned, detailed in writing, and properly communicated in advance. In case of an emergency, you will not have time to determine "What do I do next?". This evacuation plan will be part of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
In case of Evacuation Emergency, procedures established will follow school emergency evacuation plan.
______________________________ (School Name) Emergency Evacuation Plan